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HISTORICAL OUTLINES 



FOR THE USE OF 



Students of the State Normal School, 



BALTIMORE, MD. 



I's? /Sc.'/ 



Compiled by E. V. Ricker. 



Cl SHING .\: COMPANY 

BALTIMORE, 

1897. 

c • 






COPYRIGHT, 1897. 
E. V. RICKER. 



HISTORICAL OUTLINES. 



MA(,NA CHARTA. 

Conditions in England. 

/. Political, (a) Absolute monarchy, {d) Relations 
of king^ and people. 

//. Social, (a) Feudal system, id) Religion. 
1199. John becomes king-. 

IVar u'ith France. 

Cause. Claims of Arthur to throne. 
Result. Loss of French territory, making tiie En- 
glish more united. 

Controversy zcith Pope Innocent III. 

Death of Archbishop of Canterbury. Reginald 
elected by monks ; De Gray appointed by John ; 
Stephen Langton appointed by Innocent. Lang- 
ton not allowed to enter England. John is excom- 
municated, 1209, ^1^*^ becomes a vassal of the 
Pope, 1212. 

Controversy with the Barons. 

Langton's influence. Barons rebel against John. 
Charter of Henry I, iioo. Reforms of Henry II, 

1154- 

1215. Magna Charta signed at Runnymede. 

Provisions. Council of barons. Assessment of taxes. 
Imprisonment. Seizure of property. 

Influence of Afaona Charta on (a) P^nglish law, {b) 
American Constitution. 



THE k\(;lish paruamext. 

Council of Barons under Henry III. 

Provisions of ().\foi'(l. 

1265. Simon de Montfort's Parliament. 

Its Composiiio)!. Ka) Barons, {h) Bishops. yc\ Two 
knights tVoni each shire, two burgesses from 
each l)or(ni!4h. 
1295. Parliament established by Ed^ward I. 

Its Composition, [a) The king. (/>) House of Lords 
and Clergy, {c) House of Commons. 

Relations of kiiio- and people under Parliament. 

House of Contmons increases in power. 

SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 
-DISCOVERY OE AMERICA. 
The Nortlnnen. Voyages of Bjarni. Leif Ericsson. 
"The World" in 1492. 

Circunistanees iujiuencing Columbiis. {a) Ideas of 
ancients concerning shape of earth, {d) Effect on 
Genoa of fall of Constantinople, (e) Need of water 
route to India, (d) Portuguese discoveries. 
Attitude of Genoa, Portugal, England, Spain. 
Voya,i::es of Columbus. 
1492. 1. Bahama Islands, Cuba and Hayti 
discovered. 

Line of demarcation established. 

2. Colony founded on Hayti, 1493. 

3. Caribbean Sea exploited. South .inierua dis- 

covered, 1498. 
1502. 4. Coasts of Honduras and Veragua 
explored. 



*Stat€nients are giveu eiiibi>tl.viiig tin- central tboujjlit of a topic in a .siujflu sentence. 
The statement given here is for Columbus' last voyage, in order to bring this topic 
into the sixteenth fentur.v. The two topics above arc to sliow the befriniiinsr of consti- 
tutional history. 



other Explorers. 

John and Scbasiian Cabot. East coast of North 
America. 

Amerig^o Vespucci. P2ast coast of South America. 

Da Gania. Water route to India, 1497. 

Magellan\s expedition sailed around the world. 

Effect of these discoveries on Europe. Ui) Increase 
of geographical knowledge. {b) Beginning of 
ocean commerce, {c) Important wars caused by 
the struggle for mastery in America. 

(;ermax rkformatiox. 

Early Reformers. 

Wycliff'e in England, 14th century. 

Huss in Bohemia, 15th century. 
Martin Luther. 

Life at Wittenberg. Visit to Rome. 
TSI7- Luther opposes i)idu/i>ences. 

" Ninety-five theses." Bull of excommunication 

burned. 
1521. Diet at Worms. 

Luther outlawed. Bible translated into German 

at Wartburg. 
Other Diets. 

^a) Spires. Lutheranism recognized, 1526. {b) 

Spires. Lutheranism checked. Protest of Lu- 
therans, 1529. {c) Augsberg. Princes choose 

religion, 1555. 
1648. Peace of Westphalia. 

Religious liberty established. 
Other Reformers. 

Erasmus, Zwingli, Melancthon, Calvin. 
Effect of Reformation on Teutonic and Latin nations 

compared. 



Influence of Reformation. 

Language. Literature. Learning. Love of 
independence. 

REFORMATION IN KNCxLANL). 

Henry VIII. 

Dispensation to marry Catharine of Aragon. 
Attitude toward German Reformation. 

Divorce of Catharine. 

Anne Boleyn. Cardinal Wolsey. Thomas Crom- 
well. Divorce granted by Cranmer. 

1534. Separation of Church of England from 
Church of Rome. 

Act of Supremacy. Ritual prepared by Cran- 
mer. Execution of More and Fisher. Transla- 
tion of Bible. Henry excommunicated, 1535. 
Suppression of monasteries, 1536. The " Bloody 
Act." 1539. Effect of persecution. 

1549. Protestantism is established by Ed- 
w^ard VI. 

Compare German and English ReformaJ:ions. {a) 
Motives, {h) Loss of life, {c) Results. 

REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 

Mary's reign, 1553-1558. 

Lady Jane Grey. Catholicism restored. Influ- 
ence of Spain. War with France. 

Acts passed by Elizabeth. 

Supremacy restored, 1559. Act of Uniformity. 
Thirty-nine Articles, 1563. 

6 



Religious classes. 

(a) Church of England, {d) Catholics, (r) Puri- 
tans. 

iS^7- Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. 

1588. Defeat of the Invincible Armada. 

Influence on reformation in Protestant Europe. 

Close of the reign. 

Conquest of Ireland completed. Revival of Par- 
liamentary power. Elizabeth's policy and its 
results. Literature. Explorers — Drake, Raleigh. 

REFORMATION IN FRANCE. 

Francis I. 1515-1547. 

Influence of Calvin. x\ttitude of Francis to 
Protestants. 

Reformation under Henry II, Francis II. 1547. 
1560. 

Regency of Cathei^me de Medici. Party leaders — 
Catholic, Duke of Guise ; Huguenot, King of 
Navarre. Strength of parties. Views of clergy,, 
nobility, people. L' Hopital, 

Religious wars, 1562-1598. 

Massacre at Vassy, 1562. Peace favorable to 
Huguenots. Peace of St. Germain. Catherine's 
policy. 

Charles IX. 1560-1574. 

St. Bartholomew's Day, 1572. Treaty of La 
Rochelle. 

Henry III. 1574-1589. 

Concessions to Huguenots. Holy League, 1576^ 



War of the three Henrys. 

Henry III.. Catholic. Henry. Dnke of Guise, 

Catholic. Henry. King of Navarre, Huguenot. 

Personal motives involved. Assassination of 

Guise and Henry Til. 

f 
House of Bourbon. 

Hem-y IV. 1589-1610. 

1598. Edict of Xa)ites established religious liberty. 

Reforniatums compared in Germany, England, 
France. («) Time required to establish Protest- 
antism, {b^ Motives, other than religious, as 
factors. 

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 
VI R(;i XI A— English. 

Original extent. Raleigh's colonies. Plymouth 
and London Companies. Colony sent by 
Plymouth Company, 1607. 
1607. Jamestown settled by London Co. 

Object — to find gold. Provisions of Charter. 
Capt. John Smith. " The Starving Time." Char- 
ter of 1609. Cultivation of tobacco. House of 
Burgesses (first American legislative as.sembly), 
1619. Slavery introduced, 1619. Royal province, 
1624. Bacon's rebellion, 1676. 

CANADA— French. 
French claims based on voyages of Verra/.ano and 
Cartier. 
Attempts at settlement. 

Quebec, trading-post, 1540. Port Royal, 1562. 
P^ort Caroline, 1564 (St. Augustine settled by 
Spaniards. 1565). Acadia. 1605. 



1608. Quebec settled by Champlain. 

Objects: (a) Control of fur trade. (<5) Territory. 
(r) Conversion of Indians. Government— its 
elements of strength. Religion. Relations ot 
French to Indians. Growth of French territory. 

NEW YORK— Dutch. 

Voyage of Hudson, i6og. 

Extent of New Netherlands. 

1614. Trading-post built on Manhattan Island. 

First colony sent 1623. Objects : Fur trade, territory. 
Government. Religion. Patroons. New Sweden 
annexed, 1655. Attitude of England and France 
to New Netherlands. Transferred to Duke of 
York, 1664. Government under the English. 

MASSACHUSETTS— English. 
Plymouth Colony. 

Separatists and Puritans. 

Scrooby congregation, 1608. Separatists in Hol- 
land. Reasons for coming to America. 

1620. Plymouth settled by Pilgrims under 
Carver. 

Object : Religious liberty. Government. Reli- 
gion. Growth of colony. Character of Pilgrim 
Fathers. Their influence on American character. 

Massachusetts Bay Colony. 

Salem settled by Puritans under Endicott, 1628. 
Boston settled by Puritans under Winthrop, 1630. 

Government. Religion. Growth of colony. 

Schools. Industries. . 



Compare religious tolerance in these colonies. 
New England Confederacy, 164:^-1684. Royal pro- 
vince, 1684. 

Colonies united, 1692. 
Government. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE— English. 

(irant to Gorges and Mason. 
1627. Dover settled. 

Objects : Fur trade, fishing. 
Government. Religion. 

Division of grant, 1631. 

Gorges — part of Maine. Mason — New Hampshire. 
Conditions for and against prosperity. 

Union with Massachusetts, 1641. 
Government. 

CONNECTICUT— English. 

Original Grant. Conflicting claims of Dutch and 
English. 

Connecticut Colony. 
1633. Plymouth Puritans settle Windsor. 
Hartford settled, 1636. Object : Religious liberty. 
First written constitution, 1639. 

New Haven Colony. 

English Puritans settle New Haven, 1638. 

Object : Religious liberty. Compare govern- 
ment of these colonies. 
Colonies 2(ni ted hy charter of Charles II., 1662. Gov- 
ernment. 

10 



MARYLAND— English. 

George Calvert, Lord Baltimore. Member ot Ply- 
mouth and London Companies. Grant b\ 
James I. — Avalon. 

Cecilins Calvert, second Lord Baltimore. Grant b\ 
Charles I. — Maryland. Ori«:inal extent. Present 
boundaries. 

1634. St. Mary's settled. 

Objects : Refuge for Catholics, territory. 
Government. Religion. Wm. Claiborne. First 
Assembly, 1635. 
Prosperity due to [a) Liberal charter, {b) Friendly 
relations with Indians, (c) Freedom of worshif). 

Protestant Government. 

Toleration Act, 1649. Pin'itan settlement (An- 
napolis), 1649. 

Royal province, 1692-1715. 

Education— King William's School, 1696. Indus- 
tries. Maryland Gazette, 1727. Baltimore Town, 
1730. Mason and Dixon's Line, 1767. Last Lord 
Baltimore, Frederick. 

RHODE ISLAND— English. 
Roger Williams banished from Salem. 
1636. Providence settled. 

Object — to convert Indians. 
Rhode Island Plantation settled, 1638. 
Unio7i of colonies, 1644. Government. Religion. 
Compare religious liberty in Maryland and Rhode 
Island with the Puritan idea. First separation 
of church from state control. 

11 



DELAWARE— Swedish. 

1638. Christina settled. 
Object: Territory. 

N'ezv Sweden annexed to Neic Netherlands, 1654. 
Originally in Maryland grant. Granted to Duke 
of York, 1664. Sold to William Penn. 1681. Gov- 
ernment. Religion. 



THIRTY YEARS' WAR. 
Bohemian Period, I6I8-I62I. 

Causes: Bohemian revolt against Ferdinand. Ferdi- 
nand becomes Emperor of Germany, 1619. 
Frederick, Elector Palatine, becomes King of 
Bohemia. 

Armies — Protestant Union, under Frederick. Catho- 
lic League, under Maximilian of Bavaria. 

Battle of Prag-ue, 1620. 

Frederick defeated. Palatine given to INLaxi- 
milian. 

Danish Period, 1621-1630. 

Rise of Tilly. 

Armies — Protestant League, under Christian IV., of 
Denmark. Catholic League, under Tilly. Im- 
perial, under Wallenstein. 

Battle of Lutter, 1626. 

Christian IV. defeated by Tilly. Protestant 
League broken up. Wallenstein deprived of 
command, 1630. 

12 



Swedish Period, 1630-1634. 

Protestants appeal to Gustavus Adolphus of 
Sweden. 

Battle of Leipzig-, 1631. 

Tilly defeated by Gustavus. 
Battle of the Lech, 1632. 

Tilly killed. Wallenstein recalled. 
Battle of Lutzen, 1632. 

Wallenstein defeated. Gustavus killed. 
M'alloi stein assassinated, 1634. 

French Period, 1634-1648. 

.hiHit's — hnperial, under Ferdinand (son of the 
Emperor). Protestant, under Bernard of .Saxe- 
Weimar. 

Battle of Nordling-en, 1634. 

Protestants defeated. French army joins Protes- 
tants. 

Richelieu. 

Influence and work in France. Foreign jiolicy. 
War loses religious character. 
.-U'Diies — French and Swedes. Germans and Span- 
iards. 

1648. Peace of Westphalia. 

Religious toleration established in Germany. 
Condition of Germany. " Balance of power." 

ENGLISH COMMONWEALTH. 

Reigns of James I. and Charles I., 1603-1649. 

Divine right of kings. Civil liberty endangered. 
Petition of Right, 1628. Civil war, 1642-1645. 

13 



1649. Charles I. was beheaded. 

fht' Co}Hmo7in.'ealth. 1649-1660. Puritan govern- 
menl. Oliver Cromwell. Increase of national 
credit. Cromwell's policy. His form of govern- 
ment. Richard Cromwell, 1658. 

The h't's/ora/iou. Charles II., 1660. 

THE CAROLINAS— English. 

Grant by Charles 11. 

1663. Albemarle colony organized. 
Mrst colony at Wilmington, 1665. 

Charleston settled, i6yo. Government— The "Grand 
Model." Religion. 

nivisio7i into North and South Carolina. 1729. Gov- 
ernment. Cirovvth. Industries. 

NKW JERSEY— English. 
Grant to Berkeley and Carteret. 

1664. Elizabeth was settled. 
Government. Religion. 

nivisio7i into East and West Jersey, 1676. 

Bouo^ht by Quakers. Government. 

. /////^^.iv^/ to New ^'ork, 1702. Government. 

PENNSYLVANIA— English. 

Grant of Charles II. to William Penn. 
First colony sent, 1681. 

Object : Refuge for Quakers, 

"Three Lower Counties" anne.xed, 16S2. 

1683. Philadelphia settled. 

Its importance in colonial history. Government — 

"The Great Law." Religion. Dispute over 
southern boundary. Growth. 

14 



REIGN OF WILLIAM AND MARY. 

Revolution of 1688. 

Flight of James II. William and Mary invited to 
reign. Toleration Act, 1689. 

1689. Bill of Rights. 

Its provisions. Wars with Scotland, Ireland, 
France. Act of Settlement, 1701. Political im- 
i:)ortance of this reign. 

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 

(iFORGI A— English. 

Grant of George II. to Oglethorpe. 
1733. Savannah settled. 

Object: Homes for poor debtors. Government. 
Religion. Industries. Royal province, 1752. 
Grozvth checked by (a) Character of colonists. (/?) 
Exclusion of rum and slaves, (c) Lack of self- 
government, (d) Lack of religious liberty. 
Importance of Georgia as a barrier. 

REIGN OF FREDERICK THE (;REAT. 

War of Austrian Succession, 1740-1748. 

" Pragmatic Sanction." Maria Theresa opposed 
by Prussia, France and Bavaria. Prussia received 
part of .Silesia. France joined Austria against 
Prussia. Prussia gained all of Silesia. Frederick 
as a ruler. 

Seven Years' War, 1756-1763. 

Austria aided by France and Russia. Prussia 
aided by England. 

15 



1757. Battle of Rossbach. 

France and Russia withdraw. Silesia is annexed 

to Prussia, 1763. 
Growth of Prussia in importance. 
Prussia of to-day. 

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

i\xitscs : Fisheries. Fur trade. Territory. Euro- 
pean wars. 
Frencli, English, Spajiisli claims in North America. 
.Idvatitages : — to French ; to Eno;lish. 

King William's War, 1689-1697. 

Cause : War between William III. and Louis Xl\'. 
Events : Indian invasions. Plxpedition against Que- 
l)ec. Peace of Ryswick. 

Queen Anne's War, 1702-1713. 

Cause : War of Spanish Succession. 
Events: Florida attacked, Acadia taken In' Knghsh. 
Treaty of Utrecht. 

King George's War, 1744-1748. 

Cause : War of Austrian Succession. 
Events: Louisberg taken by English. Treaty of 
Aix-la-Chapelle (Louisberg restored to French). 

Old French and Indian War, 
1754-1763. 

Cause: French and X'irginian claims. 
Importance of Ereneh forts — Du Quesne, Niagara, 
Crown Point, Ticonderoga, Louisberg. 

16 



Events: Hraddock's dt-ft-at. Louisherg and Fort 
Du (Juesne taken by English. Forts Crown 
Point and Ticonderoga abandoned. Fall of 
ijuebec, 1759. 

1763. Treaty of Paris. 

Rt'sidts to France, England. .Spain and the colonies. 

AMERICAN RK\'C)LI;TI()X. 

Causes: Navigation Act, 1651. Laws concerning 
manufactnres. Writs of Assistance. Stam|) Act, 
^765- 

Events— 1 766- 1 774. 

Stamp Act Congress. Ta.x on glass, paper, paints, 
tea, 1767. Boston massacre, 1770. Boston Port 
Bill, 1774. First Continental Congress. 
Points of attack — Boston, Charleston, New \'ork 
City. Hndson River, Philadelphia, the .South. 
Importance of these points. 

Movements near Boston, 1775-1776. 

Le.xington, Bunker Hill, Evacuation. 
Result: English driven out of New England. Ameri- 
can invasion of Canada, 1775 (failure). British 
attack on Charleston, 1776 (failure). 

1776. Declaration of Independence. 

Movements near New York City, 1776. 

Battle of Long Island. Retreat across New Jer- 
sey. Trenton and Princeton. 
Result : No gain on either side. Washington's posi- 
tion at Morristown protected both Philadelphia 
and the Hudson. British occupied New York. 

17 



Movements along the Hudson, 1777. 

Burgoyne's invasion, 

Ending in complete defeat at Saratoga. 
Results: {a) Howe's plan of holding the Hudson 
was broken. (/>) France assisted the Americans. 



Movements near Philadelphia, 1777. 

Howe's expedition up Chesapeake Bay. English 
take Philadelphia. Winter of 1776-1777. 
Result : Loss of principal city to Americans. 

1778. Treaty with France. 
Result : English evacuate Philadelphia and hold only 
New ^'ork City. 



Movements in the South, 1778-1781. 

English gain Georgia and the Carolinas. Greene 
regains the Carolinas, except Charleston. Corn- 
wallis surrenders at Yorktown. 

1783. Treaty of Paris. 

Benjamin Franklin. Robert Morris. John Paul 
Jones. Benedict Arnold. 

Maryland in the Revolution. 



(iREAT FRE.XCH REX'OLirioX. 

Condition of French people, 1789. 

Feudal system. Classes. Ownership of land. 
Taxes. Parliament. Writs. Punishment. Gov- 
ernment. 



Condition of English people, 1789. 

Power of people. Ownership of land. Taxes. 

Punishment. Government. 
Causes of RevoliUion. 

(a) Writings of Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rous.seau. 

(d) Despotism of preceding reigns, (c) Unjust 

taxes, (d) Public debt. 
Influence of English and American example. 
Finances under Turgot and Necker. 

Convention of Notables. 

1789. States General — National Assembly. 

Constitutional monarchy demanded. Declaration 
of Rights of Man. Bastile destroyed. Emigra- 
tion of nobles. Constitution ratified, 1790. Mira- 
beau. Rise of Jacobins. Flight of Louis XVI. 

1791. Legislative Assembly. 

Its parties. Declaration of war against Austria. Mas- 
sacre of Swiss guards. Louis XVI. imprisoned,. 
1792. 

1792. National Convention. 

Its parties. Danton. Republic declared, 1792. Louis 
XVI. beheaded, 1795. Alliance of foreign powers- 
against the republic. Committee of Public Safety. 
Marat. Arrest of Girondists. 

1793. Reign of Terror. 

Charlotte Corday assassinated Marat. Marie 
Antoinette executed, 1793. Worship of Reason. 
Danton guillotined, 1794. Execution of Robes- 
pierre. Reaction. Constitution of 1795. 
19 



1795. The Directory. 

Compare American and French revolutions. Influ- 
ence of the French Revolution upon Furope. 

WASHINGTON. 

Early Life, 1732-1775. 

Education. Surveyor. Old French and Indian 
war. 

Public Life, 1775-1797. 

Commander-in-Chief of Continental army. In- 
fluence on army. Work in the War of Indepen- 
dence. President Federal Convention, 1787. 
President United States, 1789-1797. 

1799. Death at Mount Vernon, Virginia. 
Eiiloiry hy John Richard Green. \ 

NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
NAPOLEON BONAPARTK. 

Early Life, 1769-1795. 

Education. .Siege of Toulon. Royalist insurrec- 
tion in Paris. 

Public Life, 1795-1815. 

Conquest of Italy. Expedition to Egypt. First 
Consul, 1799. 

1804. Bonaparte becomes Emperor of France. 
Code Napoleon. Austrian campaign. Austerlitz, 
1805. Reconstruction of Germany, Italy and the 
Netherlands. Prussian campaign. Jena and 
Auerstadt, 1806. Russian campaign. Moscow, 
1812. Coalition of England, Ru.ssia, Prussia, 
Sweden, Austria. Leipsic, 1813. Abdication and 
exile to Elba, 1814 

20 



The Hundred Days, 

Waterloo, 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. 1815. 
hifluence on France ; on Europe. 
Second and Third French Revolutions. 

THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 

Events prcccdino; Monroe's administration. Wash- 
ington becomes national capital, 1800. Purchase 
of Louisiana, 1803. Oregon territory explored, 
1804. War ol 181 2. Purchase of Florida, 1819. 

1823. Monroe Doctrine proclaimed. 

Its appliiatiou in (a) Mexico, it)) Venezuela. 

MEXICAN WAR. 

Causes: Annexation and boundary ot Texas. Occu- 
^ pation of disputed .territory by United States 

troops. 
Events: War declared, .1846. Scott* ordered to 

Mexico. Fall of City of Mexico, 1847. 

1848. Treaty signed. 
Results: {a) Boundaries established, (d) California 
and New Mexico bought, (r) Settlement of West. 

CIVIL WAR. 
Causes : 

Doctrine of state sovereignty. .Slavery. 
Advantages on each side in war. 

Events preceding 1861. 

Missouri compromise, 1820. Kansas-Nebraska 
Bill, 1854. Election of Lincoln, i860. Secession 
of South Carolina, i860. Formation of Southern 
Confederacv, 1861. 



1861. 

-Attack on Fort Sumter. 
Bull Run. 
Union plans for the war : (a) To blockade Southern 
ports, (d) To take Richmond, {c) To open the 
Mississippi, (d) To break Confederate line in 
the West and cross to the Atlantic. 

1862. 

Results of Union plans : 

I. Battle of Hampton Roads to break blockade. 
Its importance in naval warfare. 2. Peninsular 
campaign. Northern attack on Richmond. Seven 
days' battles. Failure. 

3. Loss of Fort Donelson placed Kentucky and 
Tennessee in possession of Union forces. Battle 
of Shiloh opened Mississippi as far down as 
Vicksburg. Battle of New Orleans opened all 
of Mississippi, except between Port Hudson and 
Vicksburg. 

Xiee advanced into Maryland, fought at Antietam, 
retired to Virginia. 

Burnside advanced into Virginia, fought at Fred- 
ericksburg, fell back toward Washington. 

1863. 

Emancipation proclamation changes character of 

war. 
Hooker advanced toward Richmond, fought at Chan- 

cellorsville, retired across the Rappahannock. 
Lee advanced toward Harrisburg, lost at Gettysburg, 

fell back into Virginia. 
Orant forced Vicksburg and Port Hudson to surrender. 
Results: (a) Mississippi in possession of Union 

forces. ((6) Loss of supplies to Confederacy. 



1864. 

Union plans : 

(a) Grant to force Lee to surrender Richmond. 
id) Sherman to cross to the Atlantic from the 
West. 
Events: Grant fought battles of Wilderness and 
Cold Harbor and besieged Petersburg. Sher- 
man took Atlanta and Savannah. 

1865. 

Grant took Petersburg and Richmond. 
1865. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court 
House. 

Military government. Representatives from 
seceded states admitted to Congress, 1871. Ala- 
l)ama claims. 
Maryland in the Civil War. 

THE (;P:RMAi\ EMPIRE. 

Government previous to the Thirty Years' War. 
Loss of representation after it. Attempt at unity 
by Joseph 11. Effect of Declaration of Rights of 
Man. 
Confederation of the Rhine, 1806. 

Dissolution of the old Empire, 1806. 
Congress of Vienna, 1815. 

Germanic Confederation. Permanent Parliament. 

Constitutions promised.' 
Effect of Erench revolution of 184S. 
Peace of Prague, 1866. 

North German Confederation under Prussia. Austria 

excluded. 
Era7ico- Prussian IVar. 

28 



1871. North and South Germany united 
with King- of Prussia as Emperor. 

Inriueiice of Bismarck. 

(iROWTH OF LIBERTY IN FACiL.AND. 

Original representation in Parliament. 

Rotten h()roug:iis. Influence of Cobbett. 

Reform Bill, 1832. 

Rrsn/fs: Rotten boroughs abolished. Kxtended 

franchise. New boroughs. People's Charter. 
SciO>id Reform BilL 1867. 

1884. Third Reform Bill. 

Influence of Gladstone. 
People' s Par/iame?it, 2S86. 

OTHER EVENTS (3E NLNETEENTH 

CENTURY. 

Fulton's steamboat, 1807. 

First steam railroad in America, 1830. 

McCormick's reaper, 1834. 

Electric telegraph, 1S44. 

Use of ether, 1845. 

Sewing machine, 1846. 

Atlantic cable, 1866. Its effect on relations of nations. 

Purchase of Alaska, 1867. 

Pacific railroad completed, 1869. Its effect on {a) 

Commerce with Asia, {b) Growth of the West. 

(6-) Relation of western to eastern States. 
Bell telephone, 1876. 
Edison phonograph, 1878. 
Settlement of Oklahoma, 1889. 
World's Parliament of Religions, 1893. 

24 







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